Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic signatures of large atmospheric ice conglomerations

Abstract

Specific studies about the stable isotope composition (O-18/O-16 and D/H) of atmospheric icy conglomerations are still scarce. The present work offers, for the first time, a very detailed analysis of oxygen and hydrogen isotopic signatures of unusually large ice conglomerations, or "megacryometeors", that fell to the ground in Spain during January 2000. The hydrochemical analysis is based on the bulk isotopic composition and systematic selective sampling ( deuterium isotopic mapping) of eleven selected specimens. delta(18)O and delta D (V-SMOW) of all samples fall into the Meteoric Water Line matching well with typical tropospheric values. The distribution of the samples on Craig's line suggests either a variation in condensation temperature and/or different residual fractions of water vapour ( Rayleigh processes). Three of the largest megacryometeors exhibited unequivocally distinctive negative values (delta(18)O = - 17.2 parts per thousand and delta D = - 127 parts per thousand V-SMOW), (delta(18)O = - 15.6 parts per thousand and delta D = - 112 parts per thousand V-SMOW) and (delta(18)O = - 14.4 parts per thousand and delta D =- 100% V-SMOW), suggesting an atmospheric origin typical of the upper troposphere. Theoretical calculations indicate that the vertical trajectory of growth was lower than 3.2 km. During the period in which the fall of megacryometeors occurred, anomalous atmospheric conditions were observed to exist: a substantial lowering of the tropopause with a deep layer of saturated air below, ozone depression and strong wind shear. Moreover, these large ice conglomerations occurred during non-thunderstorm conditions, suggesting an alternative process of ice growth was responsible for their formation.