SPECIES COMPOSITION, SIMILARITY, AND STRUCTURE OF MAYAN HOME-GARDENS IN TIXPEUAL AND TIXCACALTUYUB, YUCATAN, MEXICO

Abstract

We studied species composition, similarity, and structure of homegardens in two Yucatecan Maya communities, Tixpeual and Tixcacaltuyub, Yucatan, Mexico. The number of gardens sampled per village was 20 and 22

total area sampled was very similar, 45,265 m2 and 40,150 m2

the number of trees and shrubs present was 5651 and 5603

and number of species was 135 and 133, respectively. Diversity was low for both sites (H' = 1.6), as were the correlation coefficients (r) for the species-area and individuals-area correlations. The relatively low values obtained for the structural parameters reflect the random pattern of plant incorporation to the gardens, the variability in the proportion of constantly used and not constantly used garden area, and a certain uniformity in the number of species used and number of individuals present, and the relationship between these parameters and garden size. All these reflect the uniqueness of each homegarden, which depends upon the cultural background of the owner. We noticed a trend towards a change in homegarden structure and function in response to the modernization process. Homegardens in villages in the outskirts of cities tend to have more ornamental species and commercial fruit plants than homegardens in isolated villages.