Total elemental composition of soils contaminated with wastewater irrigation by combining IBA techniques

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to obtain the total elemental composition of agricultural soils irrigated with well water and wastewater. The studied area is located in the Valle del Mezquital in Hidalgo State, Mexico. The studied soils were collected. every two months during one year. Particle induced X-ray emission (PINE), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) were applied for elemental analysis. PIXE analyses gave elemental contents of major and trace elements (Al, Si, P S. Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V. Cr, Mn, Fe. Co, Ni, Cu, Zn. As, Br, Rb, Sr, Y. Zr. and Pb), Total concentrations of Na. Mg, C. N and 0 were obtained by RBS and NRA, PIXE analyses were carried out with 2 MeV proton beams, RBS with 2 MeV helium ions, while NRA was applied with a 1.2 MeV deuterium beam. Results indicated that heavy metal total concentrations exceed the critical soil total concentrations according to environmental regulations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.